Unveiling the Algal Enigma: Karenia Cristata's Toxic Tale in South Australia
The waters off South Australia have been in turmoil, with a mysterious algal bloom causing chaos. Scientists have now uncovered a fascinating yet concerning discovery: the bloom's source of toxins might be a little-known species called Karenia cristata. This breakthrough finding has sparked curiosity and concern alike, as we delve into the story behind this microscopic menace.
The Dominant Player
The research, led by Professor Shauna Murray from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), reveals that Karenia cristata was the dominant species during most of the bloom's duration. It's like the star player in an unexpected algal game. But here's the twist: this species is a newcomer to Australian waters, with previous sightings only in South Africa and near Newfoundland, Canada. It's as if it snuck into the country unnoticed, ready to make its mark.
A Breath of Breathless Surfers
The story takes an intriguing turn when we learn that surfers near Victor Harbor experienced respiratory symptoms in March. This hinted at the presence of brevetoxins, a type of algal toxin, in addition to the initially identified species, Karenia mikimotoi. It was a crucial clue that led scientists to the heart of the mystery.
A Race Against Time
Professor Murray and her team worked tirelessly, collecting samples from 39 sites. The speed of their research was remarkable, taking just months instead of years. They assembled a large team, working around the clock to uncover the truth behind the bloom. The challenge was to identify the specific species responsible for the toxins, and they rose to the occasion.
Karenia Cristata's Global Reach
The Karenia cristata species has a global presence, but its impact varies. In South Africa, it caused a previous bloom, thriving in water temperatures between 14 to 18 degrees Celsius. Interestingly, it seems to follow a similar pattern in South Australia, with its growth accelerating during the cooler months from May onwards. However, more research is needed to understand its preferences fully.
Misunderstood Bloom
The algal bloom has been a subject of misunderstanding, according to Professor Murray. The identification of Karenia cristata as a key player is just the beginning. There's still much to learn about its behavior and potential risks. Monitoring is crucial, not just in South Australia but nationwide, as brevetoxins can affect human health.
Toxic Twins
The brevetoxins produced by Karenia cristata are similar to those of Karenia brevis, which frequently blooms off the coast of Florida. The difference lies in the chemical forms of the toxins, with Karenia cristata producing different analogues. While the toxicity comparison is ongoing, scientists anticipate similar effects, highlighting the importance of understanding these microscopic threats.
